mRNA로 부터, Protein을 합성하는 세포질(Cytoplasm)내의 Protein-RNA복합체. One of the CellularComponent
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and Protein. It is the site of Protein biosynthesis resulting from Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA).
It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only Protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in Translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
원핵세포 (70S Ribosome)
- 50S : 5S rRNA(120b) + 23S rRNA(2904b) + 31 Proteins
- 30S : 16S rRNA(1541b) + 21 Proteins
진핵세포 (80S Ribosome)
- 60S : 5S rRNA + 5.8S rRNA + 28S rRNA + 50 Proteins
- 40S : 18S rRNA + 30 Proteins
보통 Evolution적 연관관계의 추적을 위해 16S, 18S rRNA서열이 활용된다.