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| ["Proteins"] may be broken into their constitutent monomer molecules by hydrolysis. AminoAcid products of the reaction constitute the AminoAcid composition of the ["Proteins"]. * Standard AminoAcid : 20 amino acids found in ["Proteins"] * Nonstandard AminoAcid : chemically mdified after their incorporation into a polypeptide and amino acids that occur in living organisms but are not found in ["Proteins"]. e.g.taurin These molecules contain a central carbon atom (''alpha''-carbon) to which an amino group, a carboxylate group, a hydrogen atom, and an R(side chain) group are attached. At a pH of 7 the carboxyl group of an AminoAcid is in its conjugate base form (-COO-) and the amino group is in its conjugate acid form (-NH3+). Thus each AminoAcid can behave as either an acid or a base. It's called '''Amphoteric''' property of a AminoAcid. Neutral molecules that bear an equal number of positive and negative charges simultaneously are called '''zwitterions'''. It is the R group, however, that gives each AminoAcid its unique properities. Also the pH value that AminoAcid's net charge become zero is called IsoelectricPoint. === Names and Abbreviations of the Standard amino acids === ||'''AminoAcid'''||'''Three-Letter'''||'''One-Letter'''|| ||Alanine||Ala||A|| ||Arginine||Arg||R|| ||Asparagine|| Asn ||N|| ||Aspartic acid ||Asp ||D|| ||Cysteine ||Cys ||C|| ||Glutamic acid ||Glu ||E|| ||Glutamine ||Gln ||Q|| ||Histidine ||His ||H|| ||Isoleucine ||Ile ||I|| ||Leucine ||Leu ||L|| ||Lysine ||Lys ||K|| ||Methionine ||Met ||M|| ||Phenylalanine ||Phe ||F|| ||Proline ||Pro ||P|| ||Serine ||Ser ||S|| ||Threonine ||Thr ||T|| ||Tryptophan ||Trp ||W|| ||Tyrosine ||Tyr ||Y|| ||Valine ||Val ||V|| Special AminoAcid || SelenoCystein || Sec || U || === Classification of Amino acids === Group I : Hydrophobic - Nonpolar side Chains Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Met, Phe, Trp Group II : Polar, unchanged Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys,Tyr, Asn, Gln Group III : Acidic Asp, Glu Group IV : Basic Lys, Arg, His === Properties of each Amino acids === ♣Histidine(His, H) Unique imidazole side chain: effective as nucleophilic catalyst( more basic than hydroxide ion) five-membered ring structure --> relatively little steric hindrance pKa = 7 <Aromatic Residues> Has UV absorbance and fluorescence properties of proteins. === AminoAcid chart === http://www.ionsource.com/virtit/VirtualIT/chart1.gif === 필수 AminoAcid === 체내에서 합성이 되지 않기 때문에 반드시 섭취해야 하는 8가지 AminoAcid들 Ile, Leu, Val, Lys, Phe, Trp, Met, Thr |
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